Introduction

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Forces involved in aptamer binding

  1. 1.H-bond. (PNAS ,2003 ,100 (16), pp 9268–9273.)
  2. Hydrophobic interaction.( J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2010, 132 (12), pp 4141–4151.)
  3. Electrostatic. (Anal Chem. 2009, 81(1), pp 87-93.)
  4. van der Waals' forces

The different between aptamer and antibody

Advantages
AntibodyAptamer
  1. Large size prevents renal filtration and extended circulating half-lives.
  2. Not susceptible to nuclease degradation
  3. Antibody technologies are widely distributed because the early intellectual property either never existed or has expired
  1. Large scale synthesis
  2. Chemical production avoid biological contamination
  3. Often non-immunogenic
  4. Smaller size allows more efficient entry into biological compartments
  5. extremely environmental stable
  6. Easy to be modified.
Limitations
Antibody Aptamer
  1. Produced by biological process and difficult to scale up.
  2. Viral or bacterial contamination.
  3. Often immunogenic
  4. Large size prevents access to many biological compartments
  5. Environmental instable and susceptible to irreversible denaturation.
  6. Hard to do the site-specific modification.
  1. Hard to predict the structure with correct folding.
  2. Small size cause fast renal filtration.
  3. Serum degradation.
  4. Aptamer technologies are currently largely covered by a single intellectual property portfolio.