We discovered that sumoylation serves as an antiviral mechanism in promoting enterovirus type 71 3C protein ubiquitination and degradation. Interestingly, some clinical isolation of EV71 3C sumoylation mutant from patients in Taiwan suffered severe CNS involvement. Our results uncover a previously undescribed cellular regulatory event against EV71 virus replication and host cell apoptosis by sumoylation at 3C protease.
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